sudo tar -cvpf ~/backup2.tar  --exclude=/boot/efi/*  --exclude=/proc/* --exclude=/sys/* --exclude=/run/* --exclude=/dev/* --exclude=/tmp/* --exclude=/mnt/*  --exclude=/media/* --exclude=/var/log/* --exclude=/var/cache/apt/archives/* --exclude=/usr/src/* --exclude=/home/* --exclude=/lost+found/*   /  && sudo tar -rvpf ~/backup2.tar ~/.pam_environment ~/.profile ~/.bashrc ~/.bash_logout ~/.config/gnome-initial-setup-done

sudo parted /dev/nvme0n1 mklabel gpt

sudo parted /dev/nvme0n1
sudo mkfs -t fat -F 32 /dev/nvme0n1p1

sudo parted /dev/nvme0n1
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p2

sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/
sudo mkdir /mnt/boot && mkdir /mnt/boot/efi
sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot/efi

##sudo rm -rf /mnt/boot/efi/* && sudo rm -rf /mnt/*

sudo tar xvpf  ~/backup.tar  -C /mnt

sudo cp ~/OS/fstab /mnt/etc/fstab

sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/nvme0n1     ###此命令会在在EFI分区写入文件，并在/boot目录下创建grub目录生成相应文件。因此前面备份无需备份EFI分区及grub目录，当然如果有备份的话也会在grub-install时被覆盖？

for i in dev proc sys run; do sudo mount -o bind /$i /mnt/$i; done
sudo chroot /mnt 
update-grub2      ###change root 后此命令将在/boot/grub/目录下生成grub.cfg文件
exit
for i in  proc sys run; do sudo umount /mnt/$i; done



efibootmgr -v
shutdown -r now